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Masoud Ali Khalid1, Narmen M. Ghafor2
Department of Economics, College of Administration & Economics, University of Slemani, Slemanai, Iraq1,2
Department of Accounting by IT, College of Administration & Financial Science, Cihan University-Slemani, Slemani, Iraq1
Abstract:
Non-tariff measures such as food safety and technical standards can be used to obtain the non-trade goal of protecting the safety and health of consumers. On the other hand, they can also be used as a trade-safe tool to drive a price gap between domestic and foreign producers. This study investigates the impacts of NTMs on trade for 12 Arabic countries over the period of 1999-2014 with a specific focus on animals, vegetable, vehicle, Plastic, Population, distance and Language. We employ theoretical framework of gravity model by applying panel data estimation. Our results indicate that animal, vehicle and population variables are positive and statistically significant. Meaning that our three variables have a positive impact on GDP, in other words, three variables are supportive tools to GDP and economic growth in the Arabian countries.
Keywords: Non-tariff measures (NTMs), gravity model, Arab countries, and Panel data.
الملخص:
يمكن استخدام التدابير غير التعريفية مثل سلامة الأغذية والمعايير الفنية لتحقيق الهدف غير التجاري المتمثل في حماية سلامة وصحة المستهلكين. من ناحية أخرى ، يمكن استخدامها أيضًا كأداة آمنة للتجارة لسد فجوة السعر بين المنتجين المحليي والأجىنبي. تبحث هذه الدراسة في تأثير هذه الآليات على التجارة في 12 دولة عربية خلال الفترة 1999-2014 مع التركيز بشكل خاص على الحيوانات والخضروات والمركبات والبلاستيك والسكان والمسافة واللغة. نحن نستخدم الإطار النظري لنموذج الجاذبية من خلال تطبيق تقدير بيانات اللوحة. تشير نتائجنا إلى أن متغيرات الحيوانات والمركبات والسكان إيجابية ومهمة إحصائياً. بمعنى أن للمتغيرات الثلاثة تأثير إيجابي على الناتج المحلي الإجمالي ، بمعنى آخر ، فإن المتغيرات الثلاثة هي أدوات داعمة للناتج المحلي الإجمالي والنمو الاقتصادي في البلدان العربية.، نموذج الجاذبية ، الدول العربية ، وبيانات اللوحة (NTMs) : التدابير غير التعريفية. الكلمات المفتاحية
پوختە:
پێناسەى جگە لەگومرگى ئەمڕۆ وەکو ئامڕازێکى سەلامەتى خۆراک و ستانداردى تەکنیکى و ئامانجێکى نابازرگانى بۆ پاراستنى تەندروستى و سەلامەتى بەکار بەر بەکار دەهێندرێت، لەلایەکى ترەوە ئەتوانرێت وەکو ئامڕازێکى سەلامەتى بازرگانى بەکاربێت بۆ پڕکردنەوەى ئەو بۆشاییەى نرخ کە لەنێوان بەرهەمهێنى ناو خۆ و دەرەکیدا دروست دەبێت. لەبەرئەوە ئەم توێژینەوەیە لێکۆڵینەوەیەکە لەسەرکاریگەرى سیاسەتى پێناسەى جگەلەگومرگى لەسەر بازرگانى بۆ 12 وڵاتى عەرەبى لەنێوان ساڵەکانى 1999 بۆ 2014 لەگەڵ بایەخدانى زیاتر بەگۆڕاوى بەرهەمى ئاژەڵ و سەوزەوات و ئۆتۆمۆبیل و پلاستیک و دانیشتوان و ماوەى دوورى نێوان وڵاتان و زمان. وە هەروەها لەم توێژینەوەیەدا هەستاوین بەبەکارهێنانى گراڤیتى مۆدێل لەگەڵ پانێڵ داتا بۆ شیکارى داتاکانمان. ئەنجامى تویژینەوەکەمان ئەوە دەر دەخات کە هەردوو گۆڕاوى ئاژەڵ و ئۆتۆمۆبیل لەگەڵ دانیشتوان لەڕوى ئامارەوە مەعنەوی یە و پۆزەتیفە. کەئەمەش ئەنجامێکى گرنگە بۆ وڵاتانى عەرەبی.
کلیلە وشە: پێناسەى جگەلەگومرگى، گراڤیدى مۆدێل، وڵاتانى عەرەبی، پانێڵ داتا.
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